Working Americans Affordability Tax Credit Act

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress] [From the U.S. Government Publishing Office] [H.R. 10367 Introduced in House (IH)]

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119th CONGRESS 2d Session H. R. 10367

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide a monthly credit to working Americans, to eliminate tax loopholes applicable to billionaires, and for other purposes.

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IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

September 14, 2026

Mr. Landsman introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on Ways and Means

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A BILL

To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to provide a monthly credit to working Americans, to eliminate tax loopholes applicable to billionaires, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; AMENDMENT OF 1986 CODE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Working Americans Affordability Tax Credit Act''. (b) Amendment of 1986 Code.--Except as otherwise expressly provided, whenever in this Act an amendment or repeal is expressed in terms of an amendment to, or repeal of, a section or other provision, the reference shall be considered to be made to a section or other provision of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. (c) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; amendment of 1986 Code; table of contents. TITLE I--AFFORDABILITY TAX CREDIT

Sec. 101. Affordability tax credit. TITLE II--ELIMINATION OF DEFERRAL FOR APPLICABLE TAXPAYERS

Sec. 201. Elimination of deferral of tax. Sec. 202. Carryback of capital losses attributable to mark-to-market rules. TITLE III--APPLICATION OF OTHER PROVISIONS TO APPLICABLE TAXPAYERS AND ENTITIES

Subtitle A--Individuals

Sec. 301. Applicable taxpayers not eligible for adjusted gross income limitation on net investment tax. Sec. 302. Treatment of covered expatriates. Subtitle B--Rules for Applicable Entities and Trusts

Sec. 311. Treatment of like-kind exchanges by applicable entities. Sec. 312. Treatment of transfers by applicable entities in exchange for stock. Sec. 313. Special rules for applicable trusts. Subtitle C--Treatment of Deferred Compensation and Certain Life Insurance and Annuity Contracts

Sec. 321. Elimination of deferral of tax on certain compensation. Sec. 322. Rules relating to certain life insurance and annuity contracts of applicable taxpayers. Subtitle D--Repeal of Special Treatment for Certain Investments

Sec. 331. Treatment of exclusion for certain small business stock. Sec. 332. Modifications for investments in qualified opportunity funds.

TITLE I--AFFORDABILITY TAX CREDIT

SEC. 101. AFFORDABILITY TAX CREDIT.

(a) In General.--Subpart C of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 is amended by inserting after section 36B the following new section:

``SEC. 36C. AFFORDABILITY TAX CREDIT.

``(a) In General.--In the case of any eligible individual, there shall be allowed as a credit against the tax imposed by this subtitle for any taxable year an amount equal to $4,200 (twice such amount in the case of a joint return with respect to which both spouses are eligible individuals). ``(b) Income Phaseout.-- ``(1) In general.--The amount of the credit allowed by subsection (a) for any taxable year (determined without regard to this subsection) shall be reduced (but not below zero) by the amount which bears the same ratio to such credit (as so determined) as the taxpayer's modified adjusted gross income bears to $100,000 (twice such amount in the case of a joint return). ``(2) Modified adjusted gross income.--For purposes of this subsection, the term `modified adjusted gross income' means adjusted gross income increased by any amount excluded from gross income under section 911, 931, or 933. ``(c) Eligible Individual.--For purposes of this section, the term `eligible individual' means any individual who-- ``(1) is a citizen or national of the United States, and ``(2) is not a dependent (as defined in section 152) of another taxpayer.''. (b) Conforming Amendments.-- (1) Section 6211(b)(4)(A) is amended by inserting ``36C,'' after ``36B,''. (2) Section 1324(b)(2) of title 31, United States Code, is amended by inserting ``36C,'' after ``36B,''. (3) The table of sections for subpart C of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 36B the following new item:

``Sec. 36C. Affordability tax credit.''. (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2026.

TITLE II--ELIMINATION OF DEFERRAL FOR APPLICABLE TAXPAYERS

SECTION 201. ELIMINATION OF DEFERRAL OF TAX.

(a) In General.--Subchapter E of chapter 1 is amended by adding at the end the following new part:

``PART IV--ELIMINATION OF DEFERRAL FOR APPLICABLE TAXPAYERS

``Subpart A. General provisions. ``Subpart B. Definitions and rules relating to applicable taxpayers. ``Subpart C. Other definitions and rules.

``Subpart A--General Provisions

``Sec. 490. Elimination of deferral of tax for applicable taxpayers. ``Sec. 491. Treatment of tradable covered assets. ``Sec. 492. Deferral recapture amount on applicable transfers of nontradable covered assets. ``Sec. 493. Special rules for application of nondeferral rules to certain pass-through entities. ``Sec. 494. Treatment of gifts, bequests, and transfers in trust.

``SEC. 490. ELIMINATION OF DEFERRAL OF TAX FOR APPLICABLE TAXPAYERS.

``In the case of an applicable taxpayer for any taxable year-- ``(1) if there is a taxable event with respect to any tradable covered asset of the taxpayer during the taxable year, gain or loss shall be recognized as provided in section 491, ``(2) if there is an applicable transfer by the taxpayer during the taxable year of any nontradable covered asset-- ``(A) if such applicable transfer is a disregarded nonrecognition event, gain or loss shall be recognized as provided in section 492(a)(1), and ``(B) the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year shall be increased as provided in section 492 with respect to any gain from any such transfer, ``(3) gain or loss with respect to any applicable entity held by the taxpayer shall be taken into account as provided in section 493, and ``(4) in the case of any gift, bequest, or transfer in trust by an applicable taxpayer or applicable entity held by an applicable taxpayer, section 494 shall apply.

``SEC. 491. TREATMENT OF TRADABLE COVERED ASSETS.

``(a) In General.--For purposes of this title, in the case of a taxable event with respect to any tradable covered asset of an applicable taxpayer-- ``(1) notwithstanding any other provision of this title-- ``(A) gain or loss shall be recognized and taken into account in the taxable year in which the taxable event occurs as if the taxpayer had sold the tradable covered asset for its fair market value-- ``(i) in the case of a taxable event described in subsection (b)(1), on the date of the taxable event, and ``(ii) in the case of a taxable event described in subsection (b)(2), immediately before the taxable event, and ``(B) except as provided in subsection (c)(1), gain or loss taken into account by reason of a taxable event described in subsection (b)(1) with respect to a tradable covered asset which is a capital asset shall be treated as long-term capital gain or long-term capital loss, respectively, and ``(2) proper adjustments shall be made in the amount of gain or loss subsequently realized for gain or loss taken into account under paragraph (1). ``(b) Taxable Event.--For purposes of this part, the term `taxable event' means, with respect to any tradable covered asset-- ``(1) the holding of such asset as of the close of any taxable year with respect to which a taxpayer is an applicable taxpayer, and ``(2) any disregarded nonrecognition event. ``(c) Special Rules.-- ``(1) Characterization as ordinary income or loss.--Except as provided by the Secretary, subsection (a)(1)(B) shall not apply to any gain or loss from a tradable covered asset if, under any other provision of this title, such gain or loss-- ``(A) is treated as gain or loss from the sale or exchange of an asset which is not a capital asset, or ``(B) is treated as ordinary income or loss on a basis other than the taxpayer's holding period in such asset. ``(2) Holding period.--For purposes of this title, any taxable event described in subsection (b)(1) with respect to any tradable covered asset shall not be taken into account in determining the holding period of the taxpayer with respect to such tradable covered asset. ``(3) Proper adjustments for subsequent gain or loss.--For purposes of subsection (a)(2), section 492(a)(1)(B), section 493(c)(1)(A)(ii), and section 493(c)(3)(C), the proper adjustments required under such provisions shall include such adjustments in basis of property, or such other adjustments in respect of property, as the Secretary determines necessary or appropriate.

``SEC. 492. DEFERRAL RECAPTURE AMOUNT ON APPLICABLE TRANSFERS OF NONTRADABLE COVERED ASSETS.

``(a) In General.--If there is an applicable transfer during a taxable year of a nontradable covered asset of an applicable taxpayer-- ``(1) in the case of an applicable transfer which is a disregarded nonrecognition event-- ``(A) notwithstanding any other provision of this title, gain or loss shall be recognized and taken into account by the taxpayer (including for purposes of paragraph (2) and subsection (c)) in the taxable year in which the transfer occurs as if the taxpayer had sold the nontradable covered asset for its fair market value immediately before such transfer, and ``(B) proper adjustments shall be made in the amount of gain or loss subsequently realized for gain or loss taken into account under subparagraph (A), and ``(2) if there is gain from the applicable transfer, the tax imposed by this chapter for the taxable year (determined without regard to this section) shall be increased by the sum of the deferral recapture amounts determined under subsection (b) for each such transfer. ``(b) Deferral Recapture Amount.-- ``(1) In general.--For purposes of this part-- ``(A) In general.--The term `deferral recapture amount' means, with respect to any applicable transfer of any nontradable covered asset, the aggregate amount of interest (determined in the manner provided under paragraph (3)) on the deemed tax amount determined under paragraph (2) for each taxable year to which gain is allocated under paragraph (2)(A) and which precedes the taxable year of the applicable transfer. ``(B) Limitation on amount.--The amount determined under subparagraph (A) with respect to any applicable transfer shall not exceed the applicable percentage of the gain from such transfer. For purposes of this subparagraph, the applicable percentage is the excess of-- ``(i) 49 percent, over ``(ii) in the case of the transfer of a nontradable covered asset which-- ``(I) is a capital asset, the rate of tax in effect under section 1(h)(1)(D) for the taxable year of the transfer, or ``(II) is not a capital asset, the highest rate of tax in effect under section 1 for such taxable year. ``(2) Deemed tax amount.--For purposes of paragraph (1)-- ``(A) In general.--The deemed tax amount for any taxable year preceding the taxable year of any applicable transfer of a nontradable covered asset shall be the amount determined-- ``(i) first, except as provided in subparagraph (B), by allocating the amount of gain from such transfer ratably to each day in the taxpayer's holding period of such asset, and ``(ii) then by multiplying the amount allocated under clause (i) to days in such preceding taxable year by-- ``(I) if such asset is a capital asset, the rate of tax in effect under section 1(h)(1)(D) for the taxable year of such transfer, or ``(II) if such asset is not a capital asset, the highest rate of tax in effect under section 1 for such taxable year. ``(B) Special rule for periods before becoming applicable taxpayer.--Notwithstanding subparagraph (A)(i), any gain allocated under such subparagraph to any taxable year preceding the first taxable year for which the taxpayer is treated as an applicable taxpayer shall be allocated to such first taxable year. ``(C) Increase in deemed tax amount by tax on net investment income.--If gain from a transfer to which this section applies for any taxable year is of a type taken into account in computing net investment income (as defined in section 1411), the deemed tax amount under this paragraph for any preceding taxable year to which such gain is allocated under subparagraph (A)(i) shall be increased by an amount equal to the amount of such allocated gain multiplied by the rate of tax in effect under section 1411(a)(1) for the taxable year of such transfer. ``(3) Computation of interest.-- ``(A) In general.--The amount of interest referred to in paragraph (1) on any deemed tax amount determined under paragraph (2) for any preceding taxable year shall be determined for the period-- ``(i) beginning on the due date for such preceding taxable year, and ``(ii) ending on the date on which the applicable transfer occurs, by using the rates determined under section 6621(b) (plus 1 percentage point), and the method applicable under section 6621, for underpayments of tax for such period. ``(B) Due date.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term `due date' means, with respect to any preceding taxable year, the date prescribed by law (determined without regard to extensions) for filing the return of the tax imposed by this chapter for such taxable year. ``(c) Special Rule for Taxpayers With Net Capital Losses.-- ``(1) In general.--If a taxpayer has a net capital loss for any taxable year for which there is an increase in tax under subsection (a)(2), such increase in tax shall be reduced (but not below zero) by the credit equivalent of such net capital loss. ``(2) Credit equivalent.--For purposes of this subsection, the term `credit equivalent' means, with respect to any net capital loss for any taxable year, an amount equal to such loss multiplied by the rate of tax in effect under section 1(h)(1)(D) for such taxable year. ``(3) Coordination with carryovers of loss.--For purposes of subsection (b) of section 1212, the net capital loss for a taxable year to which paragraph (1) applies (determined without regard to this subsection) shall be reduced (but not below zero) by an amount equal to the amount of the reduction under paragraph (1) for such taxable year divided by the rate of tax in effect under section 1(h)(1)(D) for such taxable year. ``(d) Special Rules for Certain Dividend Distributions.-- ``(1) Excess dividend distributions.-- ``(A) In general.--For purposes of applying this section, any excess dividend shall be treated as gain from an applicable transfer of a nontradable covered asset occurring on the date such dividend is received. ``(B) Excess dividend.--For purposes of this part, the term `excess dividend' means, with respect to any nontradable covered asset which consists of stock in a C corporation, any dividend in respect of such stock received during any taxable year to the extent such dividend does not exceed its ratable portion of the total excess dividends (if any) for such taxable year. ``(C) Total excess dividends.--For purposes of this paragraph-- ``(i) In general.--The term `total excess dividends' means, with respect to stock in a C corporation described in subparagraph (B), the excess (if any) of-- ``(I) the amount of the dividends in respect of such stock received by the taxpayer during the taxable year, over ``(II) 125 percent of the average amount of dividends received in respect of such stock by the taxpayer during the 3 preceding taxable years (or, if shorter, the portion of the taxpayer's holding period before the taxable year). ``(ii) No excess for 1st year.--Except as provided by the Secretary, the total excess dividends with respect to any stock shall be zero for the taxable year in which the taxpayer's holding period in such stock begins. ``(D) Adjustments.--Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary-- ``(i) determinations under this paragraph shall be made on a share-by-share basis, except that shares with the same holding period may be aggregated and other shares may be aggregated to the extent provided by the Secretary, ``(ii) proper adjustments shall be made for stock splits and stock dividends, ``(iii) if the taxpayer does not hold the stock during the entire taxable year, dividends received during such year shall be annualized, and ``(iv) if the taxpayer's holding period includes periods during which the stock was held by 1 or more other persons, dividends with respect to such stock received by such other person shall be taken into account as if received by the taxpayer. ``(2) Capital gain dividends of certain reits.-- ``(A) In general.--For purposes of applying this section, if an applicable taxpayer holds directly (or indirectly through 1 or more nontradable interests) stock in a real estate investment trust which is a nontradable covered asset, any capital gain dividend received by such taxpayer from such entity shall be treated as gain from an applicable transfer of a nontradable covered asset occurring on the date such dividend is received. ``(B) Reporting.--A real estate investment trust shall include in the written notice for a capital gain dividend under section 857(b)(3)(B) its holding period in the asset giving rise to the capital gain dividend. The Secretary shall provide rules for the determination of holding periods in cases where the dividend is properly allocable to gain from more than 1 asset. ``(3) Holding period.--Except as prescribed by the Secretary, if an applicable taxpayer is treated under this subsection as receiving gain from an applicable transfer of a nontradable covered asset, the taxpayer's holding period for purposes of computing the deferral recapture amount under this section shall be the taxpayer's holding period with respect to the stock or ownership interest in the entity to which paragraph (1) or (2) applies (or, if shorter, the holding period included in the notice described in paragraph (2)(B) in the case of a capital gain dividend). ``(e) Holding Period.--For purposes of this section-- ``(1) In general.--The taxpayer's holding period shall be determined under section 1223, except that if a tradable covered asset of an applicable taxpayer is converted to, or exchanged for, a nontradable covered asset, such period shall only include the period after the most recent taxable event under this part with respect to such tradable covered asset. ``(2) Secretarial authority.--The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations, rules, or guidance providing for other modifications to holding periods as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section.

``SEC. 493. SPECIAL RULES FOR APPLICATION OF NONDEFERRAL RULES TO CERTAIN PASS-THROUGH ENTITIES.

``(a) Treatment of Ownership Interests in Applicable Entities.--For purposes of applying this part, except as provided in this section, any ownership interest in an applicable entity held directly (or indirectly through 1 or more nontradable interests) by an applicable taxpayer which is a tradable or nontradable covered asset shall be treated in the same manner as any other such asset. ``(b) Additional Requirements for Applicable Taxpayers Who Are Significant Owners.--For purposes of this part-- ``(1) In general.--In the case of any applicable taxpayer which is a significant owner of an applicable entity-- ``(A) such taxpayer shall meet the reporting requirements under paragraph (2) with respect to such entity, and ``(B) such taxpayer shall take into account amounts with respect to such entity as required under paragraph (3). ``(2) Reporting requirements for significant owners.-- ``(A) Notice to entity of status.-- ``(i) In general.--In the case of the first taxable year for which a taxpayer-- ``(I) is an applicable taxpayer, ``(II) is a significant owner of an applicable entity, and ``(III) holds directly a nontradable interest in such applicable entity, such taxpayer shall, at such time and in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe, notify such applicable entity that such taxpayer is a taxpayer meeting the requirements of subclauses (I), (II), and (III) and that the applicable entity is subject to the notice requirements under subsection (c) with respect to such taxpayer. Such taxpayer shall include with such notice such information as the Secretary may prescribe. ``(ii) Period of notice.--Any notice provided by a taxpayer under clause (i) shall remain in effect, and such entity shall continue to be subject to the reporting requirements under subsection (c) with respect to such taxpayer, for the period specified by the Secretary. The Secretary may require additional reporting by the taxpayer for purposes of carrying out this clause. ``(B) Reporting of elections to treat nontradable interests as tradable assets.--If-- ``(i) section 496(a)(1) applies to an applicable taxpayer for any taxable year for which a notice with respect to such taxpayer is in effect under subparagraph (A), and ``(ii) the applicable taxpayer made the election under section 496(a)(3) to treat any nontradable interest in an applicable entity as a tradable covered asset for purposes of section 496(a)(1), the applicable taxpayer shall, at such times and in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe, report to such applicable entity notice of such election, the amount of gain described in section 496(c)(1) with respect to such treatment, and the requirement for the entity to make the basis adjustments described in section 496(c)(2). ``(3) Certain gain or loss of applicable entity taken into account by significant owners.-- ``(A) In general.--Each applicable taxpayer for which a notice with respect to such taxpayer is in effect under paragraph (2)(A) or subsection (c)(2) with respect to an applicable entity for any taxable year of the taxpayer shall, in computing the taxpayer's tax liability under this chapter for such taxable year, take into account such taxpayer's share of any gain or loss reported under subsection (c)(1)(A)(i) or (c)(1)(B)(i) to the taxpayer for any taxable year of such entity ending with or within such taxable year of the taxpayer. ``(B) Basis adjustments.--Under rules prescribed by the Secretary, if gain or loss is taken into account by an applicable taxpayer under subparagraph (A) with respect to any tradable covered asset by reason of the taxpayer holding a nontradable interest in an applicable entity-- ``(i) the applicable entity's adjusted basis of such asset (solely for purposes of computing the taxpayer's share of such adjusted basis), and ``(ii) the taxpayer's adjusted basis of such nontradable interest, shall each be appropriately adjusted to reflect gain or loss so taken into account. Such rules shall also provide proper adjustments to adjusted bases where such ownership is held through tiered entities. ``(C) Special rules for deferral recapture amount.-- ``(i) Holding period.--Except as prescribed by the Secretary, if an applicable taxpayer takes into account gain under subparagraph (A) for any taxable year from an applicable transfer by such applicable entity of a nontradable covered asset, the taxpayer's holding period with respect to such asset for purposes of computing the deferral recapture amount under section 492 shall be the shorter of-- ``(I) the entity's holding period in such asset, or ``(II) the taxpayer's holding period in such entity. ``(ii) Other rules.--The Secretary shall prescribe rules for purposes of this section-- ``(I) for the treatment of fragmented holding periods, ``(II) for the determination of holding periods in the case of tiered structures, and ``(III) to prevent the shifting of any deferral recapture amount between taxpayers holding ownership interests in an applicable entity. ``(D) Taxpayers failing to file notice.--Under rules required by the Secretary, if a taxpayer fails to file a notice with any applicable entity as required under paragraph (2)(A), such taxpayer shall take into account, in computing the taxpayer's tax liability under this chapter for any taxable year for which such notice (or a related notice under subsection (c)(2)) would otherwise have been in effect, gain or loss described in subparagraph (A) which would have been reported if such notice had been filed. ``(4) Significant owner.--For purposes of this subsection-- ``(A) In general.--The term `significant owner' means, with respect to any applicable entity, an applicable taxpayer who, at any time during the applicable taxpayer's taxable year-- ``(i) is a 5-percent owner with respect to such entity, or ``(ii) holds nontradable interests in such entity with an aggregate applicable value of greater than $50,000,000. ``(B) 5-percent owner.-- ``(i) In general.--The term `5-percent owner' means, with respect to any applicable entity, an applicable taxpayer who owns (or is considered as owning within the meaning of section 318) at least 5 percent of-- ``(I) in the case of a corporation, the stock (by vote or value) in such corporation, or ``(II) in the case of an applicable entity other than a corporation, the capital or profits interests in such entity. ``(ii) Constructive ownership rules.--For purposes of this subparagraph-- ``(I) subparagraph (C) of section 318(a)(2) shall be applied by substituting `5 percent' for `50 percent', and ``(II) in the case of an applicable entity which is not a corporation, ownership in such entity shall be determined in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary which shall be based on principles similar to the principles of section 318 (as modified by subclause (I)). ``(c) Additional Entity Reporting Requirements.-- ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (4), an applicable entity for any taxable year shall, at such times and in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe, report to each applicable taxpayer with respect to which a notice is in effect under subsection (b)(2)(A) or paragraph (2)-- ``(A) in the case of tradable covered assets held by such entity, such taxpayer's share of-- ``(i) gain or loss determined by the entity under rules similar to the rules under section 491, and ``(ii) proper adjustments shall be made in the amount of gain or loss subsequently realized for gain or loss taken into account under clause (i), ``(B) in the case of nontradable covered assets held by such entity-- ``(i) such person's share of any gain or loss on any applicable transfer during such taxable year of any such asset, and ``(ii) the holding period in each such asset, and ``(C) such other information as the Secretary determines necessary to carry out this part. ``(2) Notice of taxpayers holding indirect interests in other applicable entities.-- ``(A) In general.--Under rules prescribed by the Secretary, except as provided in subparagraph (B), if an applicable entity in a tier of entities-- ``(i) receives a notice under subsection (b)(2)(A) with respect to an applicable taxpayer, such entity shall notify each other applicable entity in which such applicable taxpayer holds, by reason of holding a nontradable interest in such entity, a nontradable interest in such other entity that the person holding such interest in such other entity is an applicable taxpayer with respect to which the notice requirements of paragraph (1) apply to such other entity, or ``(ii) receives a notice under clause (i) or this clause, such entity shall notify each other applicable entity in which the applicable taxpayer holds, by reason of holding an interest in the entity receiving such notice, a nontradable interest in such other entity that the person holding such interest in such other entity is an applicable taxpayer with respect to which the notice requirements of paragraph (1) apply to such other entity. Any such notice shall remain in effect, and any entity receiving such notice shall treat such taxpayer as an applicable taxpayer, for the period specified by the Secretary. The Secretary may require additional reporting by such entities for purposes of carrying out this clause. ``(B) Requirement only applies if applicable taxpayer is significant owner.--An applicable entity shall be required to report under subparagraph (A) to another applicable entity only if the applicable taxpayer is a significant owner (within the meaning of subsection (b)(4)) of such other entity, determined only by taking into account interests in such other entity which such applicable taxpayer holds by reason of its ownership interests in the entity otherwise required to report and such other ownership interests in such other entity as the Secretary may require to be taken into account to prevent the avoidance of the purposes of this part. ``(3) Special rules for disregarded nonrecognition events.--In the case of an applicable transfer of a nontradable covered asset of an applicable entity which is a disregarded nonrecognition event-- ``(A) notwithstanding any other provision of this title, gain or loss shall be recognized and taken into account in the taxable year in which the transfer occurs as if the entity had sold the nontradable covered asset for its fair market value immediately before such transfer (or such other value as is determined as of such time under rules prescribed by the Secretary), ``(B) such entity shall report the amount of gain or loss required to be taken into account under subparagraph (A) to-- ``(i) each applicable taxpayer with respect to which a notice is in effect which such entity has received under subsection (b)(1), and ``(ii) each other applicable entity from which it has received a notice under paragraph (2) with respect to such an applicable taxpayer, and ``(C) proper adjustments shall be made in the amount of gain or loss subsequently realized for gain or loss taken into account under subparagraph (A). ``(4) Delay in reporting requirement.--If-- ``(A) a notice is received by an applicable entity under subsection (b)(2)(A) or paragraph (2) for any taxable year of the entity with respect to any person holding directly (or indirectly through 1 or more nontradable interests) a nontradable interest in such entity, and ``(B) no notice is in effect with respect to such person or any other person for the preceding taxable year, then, except as provided by the Secretary, such notice shall be treated as first taking effect for purposes of this subsection, section 351(h), and section 1031(i) for the taxable year immediately following the taxable year in which the notice is received. This paragraph shall not apply to a notice described in subparagraph (A) received by an applicable entity from a person who was a significant owner (within the meaning of subsection (b)(4)) of such entity (or any predecessor entity) on the date of the enactment of this part. ``(5) Secretarial authority.--In prescribing rules for the application of this subsection, the Secretary may provide-- ``(A) simplified methods for applicable entities to meet the requirements of this subsection, including the aggregation of gains and losses where appropriate, ``(B) rules for determining a holder's share of amounts required to be reported by an applicable entity under paragraph (1), and ``(C) any rules necessary to prevent the avoidance of the purposes of this section, including through the delay in the reporting requirement under paragraph (4). ``(d) Definitions and Rules Relating to Application of Section.-- For purposes of this part-- ``(1) Applicable entity.--The term `applicable entity' means any-- ``(A) partnership, ``(B) S corporation, or ``(C) other pass-through entity specified in regulations or guidance prescribed by the Secretary. ``(2) Election to treat entity as applicable taxpayer for taxable events involving tradable assets.--If an applicable entity elects the application of this paragraph for any taxable year-- ``(A) this section shall not apply with respect to any gain or loss in connection with a taxable event involving any tradable covered asset held directly (or indirectly through 1 or more nontradable interests) by such entity, and ``(B) such entity shall be treated as an applicable taxpayer for purposes of applying sections 490(1) and 491 to such taxable event. Such an election shall be made at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may prescribe and, once made, shall be irrevocable without the consent of the Secretary. ``(e) Nontradable Interest.--For purposes of this part, the term `nontradable interest' means any ownership interest in an applicable entity which is a nontradable covered asset. ``(f) Regulations and Guidance.--The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations and guidance as are necessary to carry out the provisions of this section, including regulations or guidance necessary-- ``(1) to prevent the use of pass-through entities to avoid the purposes of this part, ``(2) to simplify the application of this part.

``SEC. 494. TREATMENT OF GIFTS, BEQUESTS, AND TRANSFERS IN TRUST.

``(a) In General.-- ``(1) Deemed sale.--If any person described in paragraph (3) transfers any covered asset by gift, upon death, or in trust, such covered asset shall be treated as sold by such person for its fair market value to the transferee on the date of such gift, death, or transfer. ``(2) No recognition for losses on transfers by gift or in trust.-- ``(A) In general.--No loss shall be recognized with respect to any covered asset which is treated as sold under subsection (a) by reason of a transfer by gift or in trust. ``(B) Amount of gain for transferee.--If a loss is not recognized by the transferor by reason of subparagraph (A) and the transferee sells or otherwise disposes of the covered asset (or of other property the basis of which in the taxpayer's hands is determined directly or indirectly by reference to such property) at a gain, then such gain shall be recognized only to the extent that it exceeds so much of such loss as is properly allocable to the covered asset sold or otherwise disposed of by the transferee. ``(3) Person described.--A person is described in this section if such person is-- ``(A) an individual who is an applicable taxpayer for the taxable year in which the transfer is made, or ``(B) an applicable entity with respect to which a notice received by the entity under subsection (b)(2)(A) or (c)(2) of section 493 is in effect at the time of such transfer. ``(b) Special Rules for Certain Grantor Trusts.-- ``(1) Transfers of nontradable covered assets into certain grantor trusts.--For purposes of applying this section to any transfer in trust, except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, any transfer of a nontradable covered asset from the person treated as the owner of an applicable grantor trust (other than a grantor trust which is a wholly revocable trust) to such trust shall be treated as a transfer to which subsection (a) applies. ``(2) Deemed distributions.--In the case of any applicable grantor trust, any property held by such trust shall be treated as transferred by the owner in a transfer to which subsection (a) applies-- ``(A) on any date that-- ``(i) the owner ceases to be treated as the owner under this chapter, ``(ii) such property is distributed to any person other than the owner, or ``(iii) the property would no longer be included in the owner's gross estate under chapter 11, or ``(B) on the date of the death of the owner. ``(3) Applicable grantor trust.--For purposes of this subsection-- ``(A) In general.--The term `applicable grantor trust' means the portion of any trust with respect to which an applicable taxpayer is considered the owner under subpart E of part I of subchapter J. ``(B) Exceptions.--The Secretary shall provide for appropriate exceptions to the treatment of categories of trusts as applicable grantor trusts under subparagraph (A), including arrangements which are ordinarily used in the course of a trade or business, employee benefit arrangements, and arrangements for securitization transactions. ``(c) Exceptions.-- ``(1) Spousal exception.-- ``(A) In general.--Subsection (a) shall not apply to any transfer if such transfer-- ``(i) is-- ``(I) made to the spouse or the surviving spouse of the transferor, or ``(II) made to a former spouse of the transferor if the transfer is incident to divorce, or ``(ii) is a transfer of qualified terminable interest property or of property to which section 2056(b)(5) or 2523(e) applies. ``(B) Certain remainder interests treated as transferred by spouse.--Property described in subparagraph (A)(ii) shall be treated as sold by the spouse or surviving spouse on the earlier of the date of the disposition of such property by such spouse or surviving spouse or the date of the death of such spouse or surviving spouse. ``(C) Qualified terminable interest property.--For purposes of this paragraph, the term `qualified terminable interest property' means any property described in section 2056(b)(7) or 2523(f)(2). ``(D) Disallowance of spousal exception where spouse or surviving spouse not united states citizen or long-term resident.-- ``(i) In general.--Subparagraph (A) shall not apply if the spouse or surviving spouse of the decedent is not a citizen or long-term resident of the United States. ``(ii) Long-term resident.--For purposes of clause (i), the term `long-term resident' means any individual (other than a citizen of the United States) who is a lawful permanent resident of the United States-- ``(I) for the taxable year in which the transfer described in subsection (a) occurs, and ``(II) in at least 8 taxable years during the period of 15 taxable years ending with the taxable year during which the transfer described in subsection (a) or (b)(1) occurs. For purposes of the preceding sentence, an individual shall not be treated as a lawful permanent resident for any taxable year if such individual is treated as a resident of a foreign country for the taxable year under the provisions of a tax treaty between the United States and the foreign country and does not waive the benefits of such treaty applicable to residents of the foreign country. ``(2) Gifts and bequests to charity.-- ``(A) In general.--Subsection (a) shall not apply to any transfer if such transfer is made to or for the use of an organization described in section 170(c). ``(B) Special rule for split-interest trusts.--In the case of any transfer-- ``(i) to a charitable remainder annuity trust (as defined in section 664) or a charitable remainder unitrust (as defined in section 664), or ``(ii) of an interest described in section 170(f)(2)(B), subsection (a) shall not apply to the portion of such transfer which is to or for the use of an organization described in section 170(c). ``(C) Special rule for pooled income funds.--In the case of any transfer to a pooled income fund (as defined in section 642(c)(5)), subsection (a) shall not apply to the portion of such transfer which is to or for the use of an organization described in section 170(b)(1)(A) (other than in clauses (vii) or (viii)). ``(3) Qualified disability trusts and cemetery perpetual care funds.--Subsection (a) shall not apply to transfers to any qualified disability trust (as defined in section 642(b)(2)(C)(ii)) or to transfers to any cemetery perpetual care fund described in section 642(i). ``(d) Basis of Transferee.-- ``(1) In general.--Notwithstanding sections 1014 and 1015, to the extent that subsection (a) applies to any transfer of property-- ``(A) except as provided in subparagraph (B), the basis of the property in the hands of the transferee shall be the fair market value of the property (consistent with the amount taken into account by the transferor under subsection (a)), and ``(B) in the case such transfer is a transfer upon death to any individual described in subsection (c)(1)(A)(i), the basis of the property in the hands of the transferee shall be the same as it would be in the hands of the transferor, except that if such basis (adjusted for the period before the date of the transfer as provided in section 1016) is greater than the fair market value of the property at the time of death, then for the purpose of determining loss the basis shall be such fair market value. ``(2) Consistent basis rules for transfers by death.--In the case of any transfer upon death, rules similar to section 1014(f) shall apply for purposes of this section. ``(e) Application of Depreciation Recapture Rules.--Paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 1245(b) and paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 1250(d) shall not apply to any property treated as sold by reason of subsection (a).

``Subpart B--Definitions and Rules Relating to Applicable Taxpayers

``Sec. 495. Applicable taxpayer defined. ``Sec. 496. Special rules for taxpayers entering or changing status as applicable taxpayers.

``SEC. 495. APPLICABLE TAXPAYER DEFINED.

``(a) In General.--For purposes of this part-- ``(1) In general.--The term `applicable taxpayer' means, with respect to any taxable year, any taxpayer-- ``(A) which is an individual who met either the income test of paragraph (2) or the asset test of paragraph (3) for each of the 3 immediately preceding taxable years (including taxable years beginning before the date of the enactment of this part which are included in any such 3-taxable-year period), or ``(B) which is-- ``(i) an applicable trust, or ``(ii) the estate of an individual who was an applicable taxpayer for any taxable year during the 4-taxable-year period ending with the taxable year in which the individual died. ``(2) Income test.--The requirements of this paragraph are met for any taxable year if the applicable adjusted gross income of the taxpayer for the taxable year exceeds $100,000,000 ($50,000,000 in the case of a married individual filing separately). ``(3) Asset test.--The requirements of this paragraph are met for any taxable year if the aggregate applicable value of all tradable and nontradable covered assets held by the taxpayer as of the close of the taxable year exceeds $1,000,000,000 ($500,000,000 in the case of a married individual filing separately). ``(4) Special rules relating to applicable taxpayer status.-- ``(A) Termination of status of individual taxpayers.--A taxpayer who is treated as an applicable taxpayer under paragraph (1)(A) for any taxable year shall continue to be so treated until the first taxable year with respect to which-- ``(i) the taxpayer does not, for each of the 3 taxable years immediately preceding such taxable year, meet either-- ``(I) the income test of paragraph (2) in effect for such preceding taxable year, or ``(II) the asset test of paragraph (3) in effect for such preceding taxable year, except that each such paragraph shall be applied for purposes of this clause by substituting an amount equal to one-half of the dollar amount otherwise in effect for such taxpayer under such paragraph for each such preceding taxable year for such dollar amount, and ``(ii) the taxpayer elects, in such manner and form and at such time as the Secretary may prescribe, not to be so treated for such first taxable year. ``(B) Earlier termination election of applicable taxpayer status for divorced individuals.--If-- ``(i) an applicable taxpayer ceases to be a married individual by reason of a decree of divorce or separate maintenance issued during any taxable year, and ``(ii) such taxpayer, for the first taxable year following the taxable year described in clause (i), does not meet either-- ``(I) the income test of paragraph (2), except that such paragraph shall be applied for purposes of this subclause by substituting `$1,000,000' for the dollar amount otherwise in effect for such taxpayer under such paragraph, or ``(II) the asset test of paragraph (3), except that such paragraph shall be applied for purposes of this subclause by substituting `$10,000,000' for the dollar amount otherwise in effect for such taxpayer under such paragraph, then such taxpayer may elect, in such manner and form and at such time as the Secretary may prescribe, not to be treated as an applicable taxpayer beginning with such first taxable year. ``(C) Election.--An election under subparagraph (A) or (B)-- ``(i) shall be made with the taxpayer's return of tax for the taxable year to which such election first applies (or such other time as the Secretary shall prescribe) and shall be in such form and manner as the Secretary may prescribe, and ``(ii) shall apply to such first taxable year and all subsequent taxable years until the first taxable year for which the taxpayer is again treated as an applicable taxpayer by reason of meeting the requirements of paragraph (1)(A). ``(5) Special rules for married individuals.-- ``(A) Applicable taxpayers becoming married individuals.--If an individual was an applicable taxpayer for the taxable year before the individual became a married individual (within the meaning of section 7703), such individual and the individual's spouse shall be treated as applicable taxpayers for such taxable year of marriage and subsequent taxable years until such status is otherwise terminated under this section. ``(B) Married individuals filing separately.--If a married individual filing separately is treated as an applicable taxpayer for any taxable year, such individual's spouse shall be treated as an applicable taxpayer for such taxable year. ``(C) First-year elections.--Under rules prescribed by the Secretary, if an individual is first treated as an applicable taxpayer for a taxable year by reason of the application of subparagraph (A) or (B), section 496 shall apply to such taxpayer for such first taxable year only with respect to assets held separately by such individual unless such taxable year is also the first taxable year for which the individual's spouse is an applicable taxpayer. ``(6) Regulatory authority.--The Secretary shall prescribe such regulations and guidance as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this subsection, including-- ``(A) rules waiving the application of paragraph (5)(B) in cases where the Secretary determines equitable relief is appropriate, ``(B) rules providing for the application of this subsection in cases where the filing status of a taxpayer changes between any taxable year and any of the 3 immediately preceding taxable years, including the first taxable year in which a taxpayer files a joint return after becoming married, and ``(C) rules requiring such information reporting as the Secretary determines necessary to determine whether a taxpayer is an applicable taxpayer. ``(b) Applicable Adjusted Gross Income.--For purposes of this section, the term `applicable adjusted gross income' means modified adjusted gross income as defined in section 36B(d)(2)(B), except that-- ``(1) clause (i) thereof shall be applied by substituting `sections 911, 931, and 933' for `section 911', and ``(2) in the case of a trust, no deduction under section 651 or 661 shall be allowed. ``(c) Applicable Trust.--For purposes of this section-- ``(1) In general.--The term `applicable trust' means a trust (other than a grantor trust) which, for each of the 3 taxable years immediately preceding such taxable year (including taxable years beginning before the date of the enactment of this part which are included in any such 3- taxable-year period), meets either-- ``(A) the income test of subsection (a)(2), except that such subsection shall be applied for purposes of this subparagraph by substituting `$10,000,000' for the dollar amount otherwise in effect for such taxable year under such paragraph, or ``(B) the asset test of subsection (a)(3), except that such subsection shall be applied for purposes of this subparagraph by substituting `$100,000,000' for the dollar amount otherwise in effect for such taxable year under such paragraph. ``(2) Exceptions.--Such term shall not include-- ``(A) a qualified disability trust (as defined in section 642(b)(2)(C)(ii)), ``(B) any portion of a trust which consists of property permanently set aside for the exclusive use of an organization described in section 170(c), ``(C) a pooled income fund (as defined in section 642(c)(5)) or a cemetery perpetual care fund (as described in section 642(i)), ``(D) a settlement trust (as defined in section 646), ``(E) any charitable remainder annuity trust (as defined in section 664), ``(F) any charitable remainder unitrust (as defined in section 664), or ``(G) any other category of trust identified in regulations or guidance provided by the Secretary. ``(3) Grantor trusts.-- ``(A) Grantor trust defined.--For purposes of this section, the term `grantor trust' means any portion of a trust with respect to which the grantor or any other person is considered the owner under subpart E of part I of subchapter J. ``(B) Assets of grantor trust taken into account.-- For purposes of subsection (a)(1)(A), the assets of a grantor trust shall be included in the assets of-- ``(i) the grantor of such trust if the grantor is considered the owner of such assets, and ``(ii) if a person other than the grantor is considered the owner of such assets, both the grantor and such person. ``(d) Special Rules for Foreign Persons and Expatriates.--For purposes of this part-- ``(1) Nonresident alien individuals.--The following rules shall apply in determining whether a nonresident alien individual is an applicable taxpayer: ``(A) Income test.--For purposes of the income test under subsection (a)(2)-- ``(i) such subsection shall be applied for purposes of this subparagraph by substituting `$50,000,000' for the dollar amount otherwise in effect for such taxable year under such paragraph, and ``(ii) the applicable adjusted gross income of such individual shall be equal to the taxable income of such individual, determined by only taking into account items of income, gain, deduction, and loss which are effectively connected with the conduct of trades or businesses within the United States. ``(B) Asset test.--For purposes of the asset test under subsection (a)(3)-- ``(i) such subsection shall be applied for purposes of this subparagraph by substituting `$500,000,000' for the dollar amount otherwise in effect for such taxable year under such paragraph, and ``(ii) only assets which produce income described in subparagraph (A) shall be taken into account. ``(2) Expatriates.-- ``(A) In general.--If, for the taxable year which includes a covered expatriate's expatriation date, such expatriate-- ``(i) was an applicable taxpayer (without regard to this paragraph), or ``(ii) is an applicable taxpayer under the rules of subparagraph (B), such expatriate shall be treated as an applicable taxpayer during each of the taxable years during the 10-taxable-year period beginning with such taxable year (and such status shall not be terminated during such period by reason of any other provision of this part). ``(B) Special rules for determining status.--For purposes of subparagraph (A)(ii), a covered expatriate not otherwise treated as an applicable taxpayer shall be treated as an applicable taxpayer if, during any of the 5 taxable years immediately preceding the taxable year which includes the covered expatriate's expatriation date (including taxable years beginning before the date of the enactment of this part which are included in any such 5-taxable-year period), the expatriate meets either-- ``(i) the income test of subsection (a)(2), except that such subsection shall be applied for purposes of this subparagraph by substituting `$50,000,000' for the dollar amount otherwise in effect for such taxable year under such paragraph, or ``(ii) the asset test of subsection (a)(3), except that such subsection shall be applied for purposes of this subparagraph by substituting `$500,000,000' for the dollar amount otherwise in effect for such taxable year under such paragraph. ``(C) Definitions.--Any term used in this paragraph which is also used in section 877A shall have the same meaning as when used in such section.

``SEC. 496. SPECIAL RULES FOR TAXPAYERS ENTERING OR CHANGING STATUS AS APPLICABLE TAXPAYERS.

``(a) Initial Treatment as Applicable Taxpayer.-- ``(1) In general.--In the case of the first taxable year for which a taxpayer is an applicable taxpayer-- ``(A) the taxpayer may make the election under paragraph (3) with respect to nontradable covered assets, and ``(B) if the taxpayer elects the application of this subparagraph, the net first-year tax liability of the taxpayer for such taxable year shall be payable in 5 equal annual installments over the 5-taxable-year period beginning with such taxable year. ``(2) Net first-year tax liability.--For purposes of this section-- ``(A) In general.--The term `net first-year tax liability' means, with respect to the first taxable year described in paragraph (1), the excess (if any) of-- ``(i) such taxpayer's net income tax for such taxable year, over ``(ii) such taxpayer's net income tax for such taxable year determined without regard to gain or loss of the taxpayer taken into account for such taxable year by reason of a taxable event described in section 491(b)(1). ``(B) Net income tax.--The term `net income tax' means the regular tax liability reduced by the credits allowed under subparts A, B, and D of part IV of subchapter A. ``(3) Election to pay and defer tax on nontradable assets.-- ``(A) In general.--Except as provided in subparagraph (C), a taxpayer may elect to treat any nontradable covered asset held by the taxpayer as of the end of the first taxable year described in paragraph (1) as a tradable covered asset for purposes of applying section 491(b)(1) and this subsection. ``(B) Determination of gain.-- ``(i) In general.--For purposes of applying section 491(a)(1)(A), the fair market value of any asset with respect to which an election is in effect under subparagraph (A) shall be the amount specified by the taxpayer in such election, except that such value may not, unless otherwise provided by the Secretary, be less than the taxpayer's adjusted basis in such asset as of the end of the first taxable year described in paragraph (1). ``(ii) No deductions or credits for basis increases.--If there is any increase under this part in the taxpayer's adjusted basis of any asset by reason of an election under this paragraph, no deduction or credit shall be allowed under this title with respect to the portion of such adjusted basis attributable to such increase. ``(C) Only significant owner of applicable entity may elect.--In the case of a nontradable covered asset which is a nontradable interest in an applicable entity, an applicable taxpayer may make an election under subparagraph (A) with respect to such asset only if such taxpayer is a significant owner (as defined in section 493(b)(4)(A)) of such entity with respect to whom a notice is in effect under section 493(b)(2)(A) for the taxable year for which the election is being made. ``(4) Special rule where delay in reporting by applicable entity.-- ``(A) In general.--If-- ``(i) there is a delay in reporting to an applicable taxpayer by 1 or more applicable entities by reason of section 493(c)(4), and ``(ii) any gain or loss is reported by such entities to such taxpayer under section 493(c)(1)(A)(i) and is taken into account in such taxpayer's taxable year immediately succeeding the first taxable year described in paragraph (1), then, subject to such rules as the Secretary may prescribe, the taxpayer may elect under paragraph (1)(B) to treat the net tax liability described in subparagraph (B) as net first-year tax liability payable in 5 equal annual installments beginning with such succeeding taxable year. The rules of paragraph (5) shall apply to such installments in the same manner as such rules apply to installments for such first taxable year. ``(B) Net tax liability.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), the net tax liability described in this subparagraph is, with respect to the taxable year described in such subparagraph, the excess (if any) of-- ``(i) such taxpayer's net income tax for such taxable year, over ``(ii) such taxpayer's net income tax for such taxable year determined without regard to gain or loss of the taxpayer described in subparagraph (A)(ii). ``(5) Rules relating to installment payments.-- ``(A) Date for payment of installments.--If an election is made under paragraph (1), the first installment shall be paid on the due date (determined without regard to any extension of time for filing the return) for the return of tax for the first taxable year described in paragraph (1) and each succeeding installment shall be paid on the due date (as so determined) for the return of tax for the taxable year following the taxable year with respect to which the preceding installment was made. ``(B) Acceleration of payment.-- ``(i) Disposition of assets.-- ``(I) In general.--If, before the close of the 5-year period described in paragraph (1), a taxpayer sells or exchanges, transfers, or otherwise disposes of an asset with respect to which an election is in effect under paragraph (1)(B), then the applicable percentage of the unpaid portion of all remaining installments described in paragraph (1)(B) shall be due on the date of such disposition (or such later date as the Secretary may prescribe). ``(II) Applicable percentage.--For purposes of this subparagraph, the applicable percentage is the percentage determined by dividing the gain not taken into account in determining net income tax under paragraph (2)(A)(ii) with respect to the asset described in subclause (I) by the aggregate amount of all gain not so taken into account. ``(ii) Failure to pay, etc.--In the case of an addition to tax for failure to timely pay any installment required under this subsection, the death of the taxpayer, or the filing of a petition by the taxpayer in a title 11 or similar case, then the unpaid portion of all remaining installments shall be due on the date of such event (or in the case of a title 11 or similar case, the day before the petition is filed). ``(C) Proration of deficiency to installments.--If an election is made under paragraph (1) to pay the net first-year tax liability under this section in installments and a deficiency has been assessed with respect to such net tax liability, the deficiency shall be prorated to the installments payable under paragraph (1). The part of the deficiency so prorated to any installment the date for payment of which has not arrived shall be collected at the same time as, and as a part of, such installment. The part of the deficiency so prorated to any installment the date for payment of which has arrived shall be paid upon notice and demand from the Secretary. This subsection shall not apply if the deficiency is due to negligence, to intentional disregard of rules and regulations, or to fraud. ``(D) Installments not to prevent credit or refund of overpayments or increase estimated taxes.--If an election is made under paragraph (1) to pay the net first-year tax liability under this subsection in installments-- ``(i) no installment of such liability shall-- ``(I) in the case of a request for credit or refund, be taken into account as a liability for purposes of determining whether an overpayment exists for purposes of section 6402 before the date on which such installment is due, or ``(II) be treated as a tax imposed by section 1 for purposes of section 6654, and ``(ii) the first sentence of section 6403 shall not apply with respect to any such installment. ``(6) Elections.-- ``(A) In general.--Any election under paragraph (1), (3)(A), or (4)(A) shall be made not later than the due date for the return of tax for the first taxable year describ

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